The sun is beaming light and heat. All wind, fossil fuel, hydro and biomass energy have their origins in sunlight, it is the first energy in the earth and using widely rang application technology such as solar heating ,solar photovoltaic’s, solar thermal electricity, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.[1] [2]
About half the incoming solar energy reaches the Earth's surface
There are two important facets about the solar energy
1. the earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) (1 petawatt = 1015watt) of incoming solar beaming and insulation Approximately 30% at the upper atmosphere reflected back to the space, absorbed by cloud , ocean , and land masses
2. The sun emitted radiation widely spectrum, the spectrum received the earth 49% of the spectrum as the heat, 46% anther the radiation received the light but not all the visible. .[3]1.2. Why researchers are interested in solar energy?
Physical and chemical researchers are becoming more interested in solar power to avoid pollution from carbon emissions increased. The following are examples of the many
2.1 advantage
1. Energy clean and available
2. Financial saving
3. Better for the environmental however solar collectors and other equipment manufactured in factories causes little pollution
4. Free energy comes from the sun
5. Can used in remote area
6. It can be used in many devices in life such as calculators and other low power.
2.2 disadvantage
1. Can only use when Sunday.
2. Solar collectors, panels and solar power stations built very expensive. Conventional power stations. Saving power in battery is large and heavy to carry place to anther and can used in night it is needed replace time to time.
3. Large areas of land are required to collector solar energy and same country poor solar energy such as UK because unreliable climate. [4.5]
1.3. General semiconductor
A semiconductor is a material with properties between metal and insulator with a degree of electronic conductivity. Many modern devices are based on semiconductor for example quantum dots, solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and transistors.
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